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148 ms- §4-3-23AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-3-23 — Option Approach
The “Cleared for the Option” procedure will permit an instructor, flight examiner or pilot the option to make a touch-and-go, low approach, missed approach, stop-and-go, or full stop landing. This procedure can be very beneficial in a train
- §4-3-24AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-3-24 — Use of Aircraft Lights
a. Aircraft position lights are required to be lighted on aircraft operated on the surface and in flight from sunset to sunrise. In addition, aircraft equipped with an anti-collision light system are required to operate that light system du
- §4-3-25AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-3-25 — Flight Inspection/`Flight Check' Aircraft in Terminal Areas
a. Flight check is a call sign used to alert pilots and air traffic controllers when a FAA aircraft is engaged in flight inspection/certification of NAVAIDs and flight procedures. Flight check aircraft fly preplanned high/low altitude fligh
- §4-3-26AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-3-26 — Hand Signals
FIG 4-3-26Signalman Directs TowingFIG 4-3-26Signalman's PositionFIG 4-3-26All Clear (O.K.)FIG 4-3-26Start EngineFIG 4-3-26Pull ChocksFIG 4-3-26Proceed Straight AheadFIG 4-3-26Left TurnFIG 4-3-26Right TurnFIG 4-3-26Slow DownFIG 4-3-26Flagman
- §4-3-27AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-3-27 — Operations at Uncontrolled Airports With Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)/Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS)
a. Many airports throughout the National Airspace System are equipped with either ASOS or AWOS. At most airports with an operating control tower or human observer, the weather will be available to you in an Aviation Routine Weather Report (
- §4-4-1AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-1 — Clearance
a. A clearance issued by ATC is predicated on known traffic and known physical airport conditions. An ATC clearance means an authorization by ATC, for the purpose of preventing collision between known aircraft, for an aircraft to proceed un
- §4-4-2AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-2 — Clearance Prefix
A clearance, control information, or a response to a request for information originated by an ATC facility and relayed to the pilot through an air-to-ground communication station will be prefixed by “ATC clears,” “ATC advises,” or “ATC requ
- §4-4-3AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-3 — Clearance Items
ATC clearances normally contain the following: a. Clearance Limit. The traffic clearance issued prior to departure will normally authorize flight to the airport of intended landing. Many airports and associated NAVAIDs are collocated with
- §4-4-4AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-4 — Amended Clearances
a. Amendments to the initial clearance will be issued at any time an air traffic controller deems such action necessary to avoid possible confliction between aircraft. Clearances will require that a flight “hold” or change altitude prior to
- §4-4-5AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-5 — Coded Departure Route (CDR)
a. CDRs provide air traffic control a rapid means to reroute departing aircraft when the filed route is constrained by either weather or congestion. b. CDRs consist of an eight-character designator that represents a route of flight. The fir
- §4-4-6AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-6 — Special VFR Clearances
a. An ATC clearance must be obtained prior to operating within a Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E surface area when the weather is less than that required for VFR flight. A VFR pilot may request and be given a clearance to enter, leave
- §4-4-7AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-7 — Pilot Responsibility upon Clearance Issuance
a. Record ATC clearance. When conducting an IFR operation, make a written record of your clearance. The specified conditions which are a part of your air traffic clearance may be somewhat different from those included in your flight plan. A
- §4-4-8AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-8 — IFR Clearance VFR-on-top
a. A pilot on an IFR flight plan operating in VFR weather conditions, may request VFR-on-top in lieu of an assigned altitude. This permits a pilot to select an altitude or flight level of their choice (subject to any ATC restrictions.) b. P
- §4-4-9AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-9 — VFR/IFR Flights
A pilot departing VFR, either intending to or needing to obtain an IFR clearance en route, must be aware of the position of the aircraft and the relative terrain/obstructions. When accepting a clearance below the MEA/MIA/MVA/OROCA, pilots a
- §4-4-10AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-10 — Adherence to Clearance
a. When air traffic clearance has been obtained under either visual or instrument flight rules, the pilot-in-command of the aircraft must not deviate from the provisions thereof unless an amended clearance is obtained. When ATC issues a cle
- §4-4-11AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-11 — IFR Separation Standards
a. ATC effects separation of aircraft vertically by assigning different altitudes; longitudinally by providing an interval expressed in time or distance between aircraft on the same, converging, or crossing courses, and laterally by assigni
- §4-4-12AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-12 — Speed Adjustments
a. ATC will issue speed adjustments to pilots of radar controlled aircraft to achieve or maintain appropriate spacing. If necessary, ATC will assign a speed when approving deviations or radar vectoring off procedures that include published
- §4-4-13AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-13 — Runway Separation
Tower controllers establish the sequence of arriving and departing aircraft by requiring them to adjust flight or ground operation as necessary to achieve proper spacing. They may “HOLD” an aircraft short of the runway to achieve spacing be
- §4-4-14AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-14 — Visual Separation
a. Visual separation is a means employed by ATC to separate aircraft in terminal areas and en route airspace in the NAS. There are two methods employed to effect this separation: 1. The tower controller sees the aircraft involved and issu
- §4-4-15AIM — FAA OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE
4-4-15 — Use of Visual Clearing Procedures and Scanning Techniques
a. Before Takeoff. Prior to taxiing onto a runway or landing area in preparation for takeoff, pilots should scan the approach areas for possible landing traffic and execute the appropriate clearing maneuvers to provide them a clear view of