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91 ms- FAA HANDBOOK — EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE
Chapter 12 — Fronts
As an air mass moves across bodies of water and land, it eventually comes in contact with another air mass with different characteristics. The boundary layer between two types of air masses is known as a front. An approaching front of any t
- FAA HANDBOOK — EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE
Chapter 12 — Chapter Summary
Knowledge of the atmosphere and the forces acting within it to create weather is essential to understand how weather affects a flight. By understanding basic weather theories, a pilot can make sound decisions during flight planning after re
- FAA HANDBOOK — EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE
Chapter 15 — Controlled Airspace
Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers the different classifications of airspace and defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification. Controlled airspac
- FAA HANDBOOK — EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE
Chapter 15 — Uncontrolled Airspace
Class G Airspace Uncontrolled airspace or Class G airspace is the portion of the airspace that has not been designated as Class therefore designated uncontrolled airspace. Class G airspace extends from the surface to the base of the overlyi
- FAA HANDBOOK — EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE
Chapter 15 — Special Use Airspace
Special use airspace or special area of operation (SAO) is the designation for airspace in which certain activities must be confined, or where limitations may be imposed on aircraft operations that are not part of those activities. Certain
- FAA HANDBOOK — EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE
Chapter 15 — Other Airspace Areas
“Other airspace areas” is a general term referring to the majority of the remaining airspace. It includes: • Local airport advisory (LAA) • Military training route (MTR) • Temporary flight restriction (TFR) • Parachute jump aircraft operati
- FAA HANDBOOK — EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE
Chapter 15 — Airspace System
The primary purpose of the ATC system is to prevent a collision between aircraft operating in the system and to organize and expedite the flow of traffic. In addition to its primary function, the ATC system has the capability to provide (wi
- FAA HANDBOOK — EDUCATIONAL REFERENCE
Chapter 15 — Chapter Summary
This chapter introduces the various classifications of airspace and provides information on the requirements to operate in such airspace. For further information, consult the AIM and 14 CFR parts 71, 73, and 91.
- §91.1REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Applicability
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (e), and (f) of this section and §§ 91.701 and 91.703, this part prescribes rules governing the operation of aircraft within the United States, including the waters within 3 nautical miles of t
- §61.1REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Applicability and definitions
(a) Except as provided in parts 107 and 194 of this chapter, this part prescribes: (1) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certificates and ratings; the conditions under which those certificates and
- §61.2REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Exercise of Privilege
(a) Validity. No person may: (1) Exercise privileges of a certificate, rating, endorsement, or authorization issued under this part if the certificate, rating or authorization is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired. (2) Exercise pr
- §61.3REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Requirement for certificates, ratings, privileges, and authorizations
(a) Required pilot certificate for operating a civil aircraft of the United States. No person may serve as a required pilot flight crewmember of a civil aircraft of the United States, unless that person: (1) Has in the person's physical po
- §91.3REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command
(a) The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft. (b) In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule
- §61.4REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Qualification and approval of flight simulators and flight training devices
(a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, each flight simulator and flight training device used for training, and for which an airman is to receive credit to satisfy any training, testing, or checking requirement unde
- §61.5REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Certificates and ratings issued under this part
(a) The following certificates are issued under this part to an applicant who satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the certificate sought: (1) Pilot certificates— (i) Student pilot. (ii) Sport pilot
- §91.5REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Pilot in command of aircraft requiring more than one required pilot
No person may operate an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember unless the pilot in command meets the requirements of § 61.58 of this chapter.
- §91.7REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Civil aircraft airworthiness
(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. (b) The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is responsible for determining whether that aircraft is in condition for safe flight. The pilot in command shal
- §61.7REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Obsolete certificates and ratings
(a) The holder of a free-balloon pilot certificate issued before November 1, 1973, may not exercise the privileges of that certificate. (b) The holder of a pilot certificate that bears any of the following category ratings without an assoc
- §61.8REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Inapplicability of unmanned aircraft operations
Any action conducted pursuant to part 107 of this chapter cannot be used to meet the requirements of this part.
- §91.9REGULATION — LEGALLY BINDING
Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, no person may operate a civil aircraft without complying with the operating limitations specified in the approved Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual, markings, and placards, or as o